| Link(s): | Substantiation 101 – ASA | CAP |
Context
Around 70% of complaints received by the ASA are about misleading advertising. In many cases, to establish if a claim is misleading, the ASA will need assess the evidence. The requirement for evidence can arise in any number of scenarios, from how long a company has been trading, to their prices, to the validity of the efficacy claims they make for their products.
Key points to note
Regardless of the nature of the claim, marketers need to bear the following points in mind:
- Hold the evidence BEFORE making the claim
Rule 3.7 requires advertisers hold evidence for the claim before making it, so you should be in a position to produce evidence, without delay, if asked by the ASA.
Evidence which supports the claim, but which post-dates its appearance might mean the ad doesn’t breach rule 3.1, but it will almost certainly breach 3.7 and therefore could be upheld on this technicality. In short, a claim should be built around the available evidence, not the other way around.
- The evidence must be commensurate to the claim being made
In addition to the need for the evidence to relate to the actual product being advertised, different types of claim will require different levels of evidence; one size does not fit all. For example, it stands to reason that a breakthrough beauty claim (e.g. Omega Pharma Ltd, 2016) will need much more rigorous evidence than a well-established one.
- Substantiate the claim as it is likely to be understood by consumers
Marketers will need to have evidence to support the claim as it is likely to be understood by the average consumer; having substantiation for the claim as you intended it to be understood won’t pass the test.
Obvious exaggerations, claims that are unlikely to be taken literally and clear statements of opinion are unlikely to need substantiation. Difficulty can arise, however, when a claim which a marketer intended as puffery is actually one which the ASA considers is likely to be understood as objective.
For more guidance on some of the most common evidence pitfalls, see the ASA article ‘Does your evidence come up short?’.
Next actions
None – for information and awareness.